TERRITORY, ORGANIZATION AND POWER

NUEVOS PARADIGMAS SOBRE EL PROCESO DE TERRITORIALIZACIÓN

Abstract

This article analyzes the main theoretical currents in Anthropology concerning the territorial organization of indigenous peoples, articulating the debate between territoriality and territorialization with the realization of fundamental human rights. Starting from the contrast between culturalist approaches to territoriality - of a more static and ahistorical character - and processual perspectives of territorialization - which emphasize historical, political, and relational dimensions - the study demonstrates how this paradigmatic transition directly impacts the recognition of indigenous territorial rights. Through a bibliographic review spanning from classical contributions by Boas, Mauss, and Hall to contemporary debates by Oliveira, Ferreira, Barbosa da Silva, and Mura, it is argued that the adoption of the concept of territorialization not only provides a more suitable analytical framework for understanding indigenous territorial dynamics but also grounds the implementation of public policies aligned with ILO Convention 169 and the human rights of indigenous peoples. The article is structured around three main axes: the critique of culturalist determinism, the emergence of the processual paradigm, and the implications for the realization of human rights in the context of territorial struggles.