Study in vivo of the bone repair guided by the polystyrene biological membrane with collagen and norbixin

Abstract

Bone tissue has an enormous regenerative capacity, but several factors can lead to a bone defect with “abnormality”, without spontaneous regeneration capacity. In this regard, the use of biomaterials has been employed in the perspective of improving bone healing. Polymers membranes associated with other compounds, such as norbixin is an example of researched and used biomaterial in these pathologies. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate, in vivo, the effects of a collagen and norbixin polystyrene membrane on calvary bone fractures involving the sagittal suture of Bregma rats at 15 and 30 days of treatment. Inflammatory alterations (presence of edema, vascular alterations and inflammatory inflitates) and the degree of repair (fibrosis process, neovascularization and fibroblastic proliferation) of tissues developed around the polystyrene, collagen and norbixin composite were evaluated by histological tests. Twenty adult male rats underwent fractures in the calvary bone involving the sagittal suture, which were divided into two groups, G1 (control, bone fracture without membrane application) and G2 (fracture with membrane application), which were evaluated at 15 and 30 days of treatment, without and with the application of the membrane. After 15 days of membrane application, Group G2 had a lower inflammatory infiltrate and rapid blood vessel formation, which were not observed in Group G1. At 30 days of membrane application, the presence of immature and lamellar bone tissue was observed in both groups. Therefore, the membrane was effective in decreasing the inflammatory process and initiated bone remodeling in fractures caused in rats within a relatively short period of treatment.